Summary
International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications
2016
Session Number:T3-6
Session:
Number:5269
Digital Watermark for Real Musical Instrument Sounds Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization
Harumi Murata, Akio Ogihara ,
pp.677-680
Publication Date:2016/7/10
Online ISSN:2188-5079
Summary:
In this paper, we propose an audio watermarking method using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). The amplitude spectrogram of the observed signal is decomposed the basis matrix and the activation matrix by NMF. For embedding watermarks, we use the activation matrix. Onset and offset times are estimated from the coefficients of activation matrix and this interval is defined as duration. The estimated notes are regarded as root notes and watermarks are embedded by operating the activation coefficients of dominant notes.