| Presentation | 2014/9/11 Reversible and robust audio watermarking based on spread spectrum and amplitude expansion in the integer-MDCT domain Akira NISHIMURA, |
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| PDF Download Page | PDF download Page Link |
| Abstract(in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Abstract(in English) | The present study proposes a novel reversible and robust technique for hiding data in audio. It is perfectly reversible for unmodified stego signals and is semi-reversible for perceptually coded stego signals. A robust payload is embedded based on direct spread-spectrum of which the sequence is expressed by amplitude expansion in time and frequency space of integer MDCT coefficients. Simultaneously, a reversible payload is embedded into the apertures in the amplitude histogram created by amplitude expansion of the integer MDCT coefficients. Computer simulation was conducted to evaluate the robustness and size of the reversible payload for 20 music pieces. The amount of reversible payload was approximately 4.8 kilo bits per second. MP3, tandem MP3 coding, MPEG4AAC, and additive single delay of the stego signals revealed a maximum bit error rate of less than 6.5% in 7.2-bits per second robust payload. Objective quality measurement of the stego audio and recovered audio from modified stego signal were conducted. The results showed that the mean objective difference grade (ODG) was higher than 'perceptible, but not annoying'. Semi-reversibility of the perceptual coded stego signals, i.e., removal of the robust payload is confirmed by the ODGs of recovered audio that are close to the ODGs of the perceptual coded host signals. |
| Keyword(in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Keyword(in English) | data hiding / security / copyright management / enrichment / IHC evaluation criteria / objective sound quality measurement |
| Paper # | EMM2014-52 |
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| Committee | EMM |
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| Conference Date | 2014/9/11(1days) |
| Place (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Place (in English) | |
| Topics (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
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| Paper Information | |
| Registration To | Enriched Multimedia (EMM) |
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| Language | JPN |
| Title (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Sub Title (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Title (in English) | Reversible and robust audio watermarking based on spread spectrum and amplitude expansion in the integer-MDCT domain |
| Sub Title (in English) | |
| Keyword(1) | data hiding |
| Keyword(2) | security |
| Keyword(3) | copyright management |
| Keyword(4) | enrichment |
| Keyword(5) | IHC evaluation criteria |
| Keyword(6) | objective sound quality measurement |
| 1st Author's Name | Akira NISHIMURA |
| 1st Author's Affiliation | Department of Informatics, Tokyo University of Information Sciences() |
| Date | 2014/9/11 |
| Paper # | EMM2014-52 |
| Volume (vol) | vol.114 |
| Number (no) | 222 |
| Page | pp.pp.- |
| #Pages | 6 |
| Date of Issue | |