| Presentation | 2016-11-17 A study of audio watermarking method using non-negative matrix factorization for a duet of different instruments Harumi Murata, Akio Ogihara, |
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| PDF Download Page |  PDF download Page Link |
| Abstract(in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Abstract(in English) | For audio signals, the sound quality of stego signal should not deteriorate. With current methods, high sound quality means that the difference between the host and stego signals is small. On the other hand, high sound quality means that the sound quality of stego signal is maintained as music even if another sound, not in the host signal, is perceived in this paper. According to this definition, the watermarks are embedded using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). NMF is an algorithm that factorizes a non-negative matrix that is an amplitude spectrogram of host signal into two non-negative matrices that corresponds to the spectral patterns of the host signal and the activation of each spectrum. In this paper, we propose a method directed at a duet of different instruments. The activation coefficients which have been separated every instrument are obtained from the amplitude spectrogram of the host signal, and the watermarks can be embedded into the specific instrumental sound of the host signal. Tones are estimated from the obtained activation matrix, and the estimated notes are regarded as root note. One-bit watermark is embedded according to even or odd of the activation coefficients corresponding to the root and the dominant notes. We conduct an evaluation of the tolerance against attacks and an objective evaluation of sound quality, and confirm the validity of proposed method. |
| Keyword(in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Keyword(in English) | Audio Watermarking / Non-negative Matrix Factorization / Duet |
| Paper # | EA2016-52,EMM2016-58 |
| Date of Issue | 2016-11-10 (EA, EMM) |
| Conference Information | |
| Committee | EA / EMM |
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| Conference Date | 2016/11/17(2days) |
| Place (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Place (in English) | Compal Hall (Oita) |
| Topics (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Topics (in English) | Multimedia Fusion, Content Processing, Multimedia Retrieval, Digital Watermarking, and Related Topics |
| Chair | Mitsunori Mizumachi(Kyushu Inst. of Tech.) / Akinori Ito(Tohoku Univ.) |
| Vice Chair | Yoichi Haneda(Univ. of Electro-Comm.) / Suehiro Shimauchi(NTT) / Masaki Kawamura(Yamaguchi Univ.) / Hirohisa Hioki(Kyoto Univ.) |
| Secretary | Yoichi Haneda(KDDI R&D Labs.) / Suehiro Shimauchi(Akita Pref. Univ.) / Masaki Kawamura(Nagasaki Univ.) / Hirohisa Hioki(Osaka Pref. Univ.) |
| Assistant | Shigeto Takeoka(Shizuoka Inst. of Science and Tech.) / TREVINO Jorge(Tohoku Univ.) / Rui Shogenji(Shizuoka Univ.) / Masaaki Fujiyoshi(Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.) |
| Paper Information | |
| Registration To | Technical Committee on Engineering Acoustics / Technical Committee on Enriched MultiMedia |
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| Language | JPN |
| Title (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Sub Title (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Title (in English) | A study of audio watermarking method using non-negative matrix factorization for a duet of different instruments |
| Sub Title (in English) | |
| Keyword(1) | Audio Watermarking |
| Keyword(2) | Non-negative Matrix Factorization |
| Keyword(3) | Duet |
| 1st Author's Name | Harumi Murata |
| 1st Author's Affiliation | Chukyo University(Chukyo Univ.) |
| 2nd Author's Name | Akio Ogihara |
| 2nd Author's Affiliation | Kindai University(Kindai Univ.) |
| Date | 2016-11-17 |
| Paper # | EA2016-52,EMM2016-58 |
| Volume (vol) | vol.116 |
| Number (no) | EA-302,EMM-303 |
| Page | pp.pp.25-30(EA), pp.25-30(EMM), |
| #Pages | 6 |
| Date of Issue | 2016-11-10 (EA, EMM) |