| Presentation | 2016-01-19 A Study of audio watermarking method using key detection based on non-negative matrix factorization Harumi Murata, Akio Ogihara, |
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| PDF Download Page |  PDF download Page Link |
| Abstract(in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Abstract(in English) | Digital watermarking is a technique to embed another digital data into digital contents such as music, images, and videos. For audio signals, the sound quality of the stego signal should not deteriorate as much as host signal. With current methods, high sound quality means that the difference between the host and stego signals is small. We proposed a method with which high sound quality means that the sound quality of the stego signal is maintained as music even if another sound, except for host signal, is perceived. Accordingly, we focus on a chord of music theory and embed the watermarks in consonance with host data. Moreover, we use nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). NMF is one of the technique used for separation of an audio mixture that consists of multiple instrumental sources. NMF is an algorithm that decomposes a nonnegative matrix that is an amplitude spectrogram of a target signal into two nonnegative matrices that corresponds to the spectral patterns of the target signal and the activation of each spectrum. Onset time and offset time are estimated from the activation coefficients and this interval is defined as duration. The key of music is determined from the estimated notes, and the estimated notes are regarded as root notes. Watermarks are embedded by operating the activation matrix coefficients of mediant and dominant notes. |
| Keyword(in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Keyword(in English) | Audio Watermarking / Non-negative Matrix Factorization / Key Detection |
| Paper # | EMM2015-70 |
| Date of Issue | 2016-01-11 (EMM) |
| Conference Information | |
| Committee | EMM |
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| Conference Date | 2016/1/18(2days) |
| Place (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Place (in English) | Katahira Campus, Tohoku University |
| Topics (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Topics (in English) | Sense of Presence, Universal Media, Digital Entertainment, etc. |
| Chair | Akinori Ito(Tohoku Univ.) |
| Vice Chair | Masashi Unoki(JAIST) / Masaki Kawamura(Yamaguchi Univ.) |
| Secretary | Masashi Unoki(Univ. of Electro-Comm.) / Masaki Kawamura(Nagasaki Univ.) |
| Assistant | Motoi Iwata(Osaka Pref. Univ.) / Kazuhiro Kohno(Kansai Univ.) |
| Paper Information | |
| Registration To | Technical Committee on Enriched MultiMedia |
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| Language | JPN |
| Title (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Sub Title (in Japanese) | (See Japanese page) |
| Title (in English) | A Study of audio watermarking method using key detection based on non-negative matrix factorization |
| Sub Title (in English) | |
| Keyword(1) | Audio Watermarking |
| Keyword(2) | Non-negative Matrix Factorization |
| Keyword(3) | Key Detection |
| 1st Author's Name | Harumi Murata |
| 1st Author's Affiliation | Chukyo University(Chukyo Univ.) |
| 2nd Author's Name | Akio Ogihara |
| 2nd Author's Affiliation | Kinki University(Kinki Univ.) |
| Date | 2016-01-19 |
| Paper # | EMM2015-70 |
| Volume (vol) | vol.115 |
| Number (no) | EMM-397 |
| Page | pp.pp.55-60(EMM), |
| #Pages | 6 |
| Date of Issue | 2016-01-11 (EMM) |