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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2016-05-20 13:40
Improvement of the embedding capacity for audio watermarking method using non-negative matrix factorization
Harumi Murata (Chukyo Univ.), Akio Ogihara (Kindai Univ.) IT2016-15 EMM2016-15
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) For audio signals, we propose a method focused on a chord of music theory and embed the watermarks in consonance with host data. Moreover, we use nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). NMF is one of the techniques used for separation of an audio mixture that consists of multiple instrumental sources. NMF is an algorithm that decomposes a nonnegative matrix that is an amplitude spectrogram of a target signal into two nonnegative matrices that corresponds to the spectral patterns of the target signal and the activation of each spectrum. Onset time and offset time are estimated from the activation coefficients and this interval is defined as duration. The estimated notes are regarded as root notes and watermarks are embedded by operating the activation matrix coefficients of mediant and dominant. As prior learning, NMF is applied for a supervised signal including only musical instrument sound which timbre is similar to instrumental sound of the host signal. The activation matrix is calculated using the obtained basis matrix. In this paper, we expand triad into tetrad as an embedding position, and the embedding capacity is included by embedding watermarks into all notes which is consisted of consonance. Moreover, we examine whether watermarks can be embedded into all notes.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Audio Watermarking / Non-negative Matrix Factorization / / / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 116, no. 34, EMM2016-15, pp. 87-92, May 2016.
Paper # EMM2016-15 
Date of Issue 2016-05-12 (IT, EMM) 
ISSN Print edition: ISSN 0913-5685    Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
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All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
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Conference Information
Committee IT EMM  
Conference Date 2016-05-19 - 2016-05-20 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Otaru Economic Center 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Information Security, Information Theory, Information Hiding, etc. 
Paper Information
Registration To EMM 
Conference Code 2016-05-IT-EMM 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Improvement of the embedding capacity for audio watermarking method using non-negative matrix factorization 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Audio Watermarking  
Keyword(2) Non-negative Matrix Factorization  
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1st Author's Name Harumi Murata  
1st Author's Affiliation Chukyo University (Chukyo Univ.)
2nd Author's Name Akio Ogihara  
2nd Author's Affiliation Kindai University (Kindai Univ.)
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Date Time 2016-05-20 13:40:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for EMM 
Paper # IT2016-15, EMM2016-15 
Volume (vol) vol.116 
Number (no) no.33(IT), no.34(EMM) 
Page pp.87-92 
#Pages
Date of Issue 2016-05-12 (IT, EMM) 


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