(英) |
Recently, we found that a weak value may emerge as a group velocity of a particle in the Dirac equation without context of weak measurements. In this paper, we show an application of this weak-value formalism to graphene, which is well described by the 2+1 dimensional massless Dirac equation. Electric carriers in graphene are supplied by virtual particles allowed by the uncertainty relations, of which process is described by a weak value of a group velocity. As a result, the electric current can be approximately estimated: the quasi-Ohmic with the minimal conductivity and the Schwinger mechanism. |