{"id":6666,"date":"2022-03-16T15:25:43","date_gmt":"2022-03-16T06:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www11.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp\/?page_id=6666"},"modified":"2025-12-05T18:51:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T09:51:10","slug":"shadowing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/misc\/denpan-db\/prop_model_db\/model_list\/shadowing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

<\/path><\/svg><\/i> \"Loading\"<\/p>

<\/div>(since 2025\/12\/5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u4f1d\u642c\u8def\u3054\u3068\u306b\u201c\u5efa\u7269\u304b\u3089\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u906e\u853d\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u201d\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u53d7\u4fe1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\uff0f\u53d7\u4fe1\u4fe1\u53f7\u96fb\u529b\uff09\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u77ed\u533a\u9593\u5909\u52d5\u3084\u5834\u6240\u7684\u5909\u52d5\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u305d\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306f\u7121\u7dda\u56de\u7dda\u8a2d\u8a08\u3084\u30e2\u30d3\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u6280\u8853\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\uff0c\u53d7\u4fe1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08dB\u5024\uff09\u306e\u77ed\u533a\u9593\uff0810\u6ce2\u9577\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3088\u308a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u5f0f(1)\u306f\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u3092\\(m_s\\)[dB]\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3092\\(\\sigma_s\\)[dB]\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u306a\u304a\uff0c\\(m_s\\)\u306e\u5024\u306f\u9577\u533a\u9593\u5909\u52d5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3088\u308a\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u307e\u305f\uff0c\\(\\sigma_s\\)\u306e\u5024\u306f\u90ca\u5916\u5730\u3084\u5e02\u8857\u5730\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u5e02\u8857\u5730\u3067\u306f6\uff5e8dB\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff0e\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u5f0f(2)\u306f\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u95a2\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u76f8\u95a2\u8ddd\u96e2\\(d_c\\)\u3092\u5b9a\u6570\u3068\u3059\u308b\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff0e \\(d_c\\)\u306f\u76f8\u95a2\u5024\u304c0.5\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8ddd\u96e2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5024\u306f\u5468\u8fba\u5efa\u7269\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\uff0e\u5e02\u8857\u5730\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30bb\u30eb\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6570\u5341\uff5e\u6570\u767em\u306e\u5024\u304c\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0cITU-R M.2135\u306e\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u306f50m\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u95a2\u95a2\u6570\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b1\u6b21\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u5e30\u76f8\u95a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u6ce2\u5f62\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3044\uff0e\u7d50\u679c\u4f8b\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u6ce2\u5f62\u306f\\(\\sigma_s\\)=6dB\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751f\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u9593\u9694 \\(\\Delta d_s\\)=0.1m\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff0e\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4f8b\u306b\u306f\u751f\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3082\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\uff0c\u307b\u307c\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\uff0e\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u6700\u5927\u79fb\u52d5\u8ddd\u96e2\\(d_{max}\\)=10km\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3067\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u898f\u5206\u5e03\u3068\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u66f4\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u6570\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3007\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb<\/em>\u5206\u5e03\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\\(
p(x) = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2 \\pi} \\sigma_s} \\exp\u2061{\\left(-\\frac{(x-m_s )^2}{2 \\sigma_s^2}\\right)}
\\tag{1}
\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3007\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u95a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\\(
\\rho_s (\\Delta d)=(0.5)^{\\Delta d\/d_c}
\\tag{1}
\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3007\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5206\u5e03\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a18\u53f7<\/td>\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u8aac\u660e[\u5358\u4f4d]<\/td><\/tr>
\\(x\\)<\/td>\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3000[dB]<\/td><\/tr>
\\(m_s\\)<\/td>\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3000[dB]<\/td><\/tr>
\\(\\sigma_s\\)<\/td>\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee [dB]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3007\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u95a2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a18\u53f7<\/td>\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u8aac\u660e[\u5358\u4f4d]<\/td><\/tr>
\\(\\Delta d\\)<\/td>2\u70b9\u9593\u306e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3000[m]<\/td><\/tr>
\\(d_c\\)<\/td>\u76f8\u95a2\u8ddd\u96e2\u3000[m]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001C\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u4f8b\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <math.h>\n\nvoid main()\n{\n\tvoid  shadowing ();  \/*\u3000\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u751f\u6210\u95a2\u6570\u3000*\/\n\tdouble  ds;  \/* \u3000\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u9593\u9694 [m]\u3000*\/\n\tdouble  sig;  \/*\u3000\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee [dB] \u3000*\/\n\tdouble  dc;  \/* \u76f8\u95a2\u8ddd\u96e2 [m] *\/\n\tdouble  dmax;  \/*\u3000\u6700\u5927\u79fb\u52d5\u8ddd\u96e2 [m]\u3000*\/\n\tint  N;  \/*  \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u6570\u3000*\/\n\tdouble  Ps[100000];  \/*\u3000\u53d7\u4fe1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb [dB]\u3000*\/\n\tdouble  mean;\n\tdouble  st_div;\n\tint  i,j;\n\n\t\/* \u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5165\u529b *\/\n\tds=0.1;\n\tdmax=10000.;\n\tN=(int)(dmax\/ds);\n\tsig=6.;\n\tdc=10.;\n\n\tshadowing (N,Ps,sig,ds,dc); \/*\u3000\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3000*\/\n\n\t\/* \u51fa\u529b *\/\n\tprintf(\u201ci  d  P[dB]\\n\u201d);\n\tfor(i=0;i<N;i++){\n\t\tprintf(\u201c%d  %.1lf  %lf\\n\u201d,i,(double)i*ds,Ps[i]);\n\t}\n\n\t\/*\u3000\u7d71\u8a08\u5024\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u3068\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\uff09 *\/\n\tMean=0.; St_div=0.;\n\tFor(i=0;i<N;i++){\n\t\tmean+=Ps[i];\n\t\tst_div+=Ps[i]*Ps[i];\n\t}\n\n\tMean\/=(double)N;\n\tSt_div-=mean*mean*(double)N;\n\tSt_div=sqrt(st_div\/(double)(N-1));\n\tPrintf(\u201cm=%lf  st=%lf\\n\u201d,mean,st_div);\n}\n\nvoid shadowing (N,Ps,sig,ds,dc)\nint  N;\ndouble  *Ps;\ndouble  sig;  \/* dB *\/\ndouble  ds;  \/* m *\/\ndouble  dc;  \/* m *\/\n{\n\tint  i,j;\n\tlong  seed;\n\tvoid  srand48();\n\tdouble  drand48();\n\tdouble  x,y,mx,my,sx,sy,p,u1,u2;\n\tdouble  rs;\n\tdouble  s1,s2;\n\tmx=0.; my=0.;\n\tsx=sig; sy=sig;\n\tp=0.;\n\n\trs=pow(0.5,ds\/dc);\n\tseed=3l;\n\tsrand48(seed);\n\n\tfor(i=0;i<N;i++){\n\n\t\tu1=drand48();\n\t\tu2=drand48();\n\n\t\t\/* Box-Muller\u2019s method *\/\n\t\tx=mx+sx*sqrt(-2.*log(u1))*(sqrt(1.-p*p)*cos(2.*M_PI*u2)\n\t\t+p*sin(2*M_PI*u2));\n\t\ty=my+sy*sqrt(-2.*log(u1))*sin(2*M_PI*u2);\n\n\t\tif(i==0){\n\t\t\ts1=x;\n\t\t\tPs[i]=s1;\n\t\t}else{\n\t\t\ts1=Ps[i-1];\n\t\t\ts2=rs*s1+sqrt(1.-rs*rs)*x;\n\t\t\tPs[i]=s2;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}<\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u203b\u6b63\u898f\u4e71\u6570\u306e\u751f\u6210\u306b\u306f\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff1d\u30df\u30e5\u30e9\u30fc\u6cd5\uff08Box-Muller\u2018s method\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u7167<\/h2>\n\n\n\n[1]\u3000\u5ca9\u4e95\u8aa0\u4eba, \u79fb\u52d5\u901a\u4fe1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u96fb\u6ce2\u4f1d\u642c -\u7121\u7dda\u901a\u4fe1\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58-, \u30b3\u30ed\u30ca\u793e, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2]\u3000\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30b9\u30df\u30b9\uff0c\u30ef\u30a4\u30e4\u30ec\u30b9\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u5b66\uff0c\u4e38\u5584\uff0c2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3]\u3000\u4eca\u4e95\u54f2\u6717\uff0c\u96fb\u6ce2\u4f1d\u642c\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u6cd5\uff0c\u30b3\u30ed\u30ca\u793e\uff0c2016\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4]\u3000ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2135-1, Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced, Dec. 2009.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6982\u8981 \u3000\u30b7\u30e3\u30c9\u30a6\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u4f1d\u642c\u8def\u3054\u3068\u306b\u201c\u5efa\u7269\u304b\u3089\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u906e\u853d\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u201d\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3059\u308b\u53d7\u4fe1\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\uff08\uff0f\u53d7\u4fe1\u4fe1\u53f7\u96fb\u529b\uff09\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u77ed\u533a\u9593\u5909\u52d5\u3084\u5834\u6240\u7684\u5909\u52d5\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u305d\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306f\u7121\u7dda\u56de\u7dda\u8a2d\u8a08\u3084\u30e2\u30d3\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u6280\u8853\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":12073,"menu_order":26,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6666","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6666"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14873,"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6666\/revisions\/14873"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ieice.org\/cs\/ap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}