The Journal of The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

TECHNICAL SURVEY
Next Generation Memory MRAM.....................................Koichiro INOMATA    159
Trends of Microwave Photonics Technology...Shozo KOMAKI and Katsutoshi TSUKAMOTO    163
Technical Trends of Real-Time Computer Graphics
  ............................Masato OGATA, Kagenori KAJIHARA, and Masaru FUJINO    167
Characteristics and Applications of Photonic Crystals.............Toshihiko BABA    172
Media Synchronization in Network Environments.......................Shuji TASAKA    177
Turbo Coding: Concatenated Coding and Iterative Decoding
  ............................................Haruo OGIWARA and Masayoshi OHASHI    184

TUTORIAL SERIES
Analysis and Design of Microwave Circuits/Devices Based on the Concepts of Circuit 
Invariant and Equivalent Admittance [  ]: Toward the Figure of Merit of Microwave 
Circuits/Devices.................................................Kiyomichi ARAKI    189

EDUCATIONAL COURSE
Generation and Application of Optical Femtosecond Pulses
  ............................................Takayoshi KOBAYASHI and Takao FUJI    194
Nowcasting: How Can We Make a Forecast of the Weather over Our Heads?
  ......................Tsutomu HORIKOSHI, Masashi MORIMOTO, and Haruhiko KOJIMA    197

FOR STUDENTS
Pen-based Input Technology............................................Naoki KATO    200

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